Vocabulary mastery is a fundamental component in English language learning, especially for elementary school students who require meaningful and engaging learning media. This study aims to analyze the use of a picture dictionary based on everyday contexts in English vocabulary learning among fifth-grade students at SD Negeri 005 Palembang. This study used a qualitative case study design. Participants consisted of 26 fifth-grade students and one English teacher. A comprehensive data collection approach was used, including classroom observations, questionnaires, interviews, and document analysis, with the aim of gaining a comprehensive understanding of the learning process. The results showed that the use of a picture dictionary had a significant impact on improving students’ vocabulary learning, thereby increasing comprehension, motivation, and engagement in class. The majority of students showed positive responses and high levels of enthusiasm, as contextual images facilitated the association of new vocabulary with real-life situations. The integration of visual and contextual elements has been shown to reduce students’ reliance on memorization and translation, thus making vocabulary learning more meaningful and enjoyable. The study concluded that picture dictionaries based on everyday life contexts are effective learning media to improve English vocabulary learning among elementary school students and are recommended for use in elementary school English classes.